When performing DUR, pharmacists must review the patient profile for which of the following?

In the context of drug utilization review (DUR), pharmacists play a crucial role in ensuring patient safety and the appropriateness of medication therapy. They are required to conduct a thorough review of the patient profile to identify several potential issues that may affect patient care.

Over-utilization refers to situations where a patient may be taking more medication than necessary, which could lead to increased risks of side effects and unnecessary costs. Identifying this allows pharmacists to intervene by discussing medication adherence or suggesting alternatives if needed.

Drug-allergy interactions are also a critical aspect of the review process. A pharmacist must verify that a prescribed medication does not conflict with any known allergies the patient may have, preventing possible allergic reactions that could have serious consequences.

Drug-disease state contraindications are another essential element of DUR. Certain medications can exacerbate existing health conditions; thus, by reviewing the patient’s disease states, pharmacists can ensure that prescribed therapies do not pose a risk to the patient's health.

Since all of these factors—over-utilization, drug-allergy interactions, and drug-disease state contraindications—are critical for safe and effective pharmaceutical care, it is necessary for pharmacists to review each of them when performing a DUR. This comprehensive approach protects the patient and optimizes their therapeutic outcomes.